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<text>
<title>
Peru: Government
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Peru
Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<l>Names:</l>
<l> conventional long form: Republic of Peru</l>
<l> conventional short form: Peru</l>
<l> local long form: Republica del Peru</l>
<l> local short form: Peru</l>
</list>
<p>Digraph: PE
</p>
<p>Type: republic
</p>
<p>Capital: Lima
</p>
<p>Administrative divisions: 24 departments (departamentos,
singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province*
(provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac,
Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica,
Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto,
Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna,
Tumbes, Ucayali
</p>
<p>note: the 1979 Constitution and legislation enacted from 1987
to 1990 mandate the creation of regions (regiones, singular -
region) intended to function eventually as autonomous economic
and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been
constituted from 23 existing departments - Amazonas (from
Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin),
Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from
Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La
Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica,
Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna,
Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca,
Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali);
formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of
the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the
department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the
central government, the regions have yet to assume their
responsibilities and at the moment coexist with the departmental
structure
</p>
<p>Independence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
</p>
<p>Constitution: 28 July 1980 (often referred to as the 1979
Constitution because the Constituent Assembly met in 1979, but
the Constitution actually took effect the following year);
suspended 5 April 1992; being revised or replaced
</p>
<p>Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
</p>
<p>National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
</p>
<p>Political parties and leaders: New Majority/Change 90 (Cambio
90), Alberto FUJIMORI; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis
BEDOYA Reyes; Popular Action Party (AP), Eduardo CALMELL del
Solar; Liberty Movement (ML), Luis BUSTAMANTE; American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Alan GARCIA; Independent
Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega; National Renewal,
Rafael REY; Democratic Coordinator, Jose Barba CAHALLERO;
Democratic Left Movement, Gloria HOFLER
</p>
<p>Other political or pressure groups: leftist guerrilla groups
include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN (imprisoned); Tupac Amaru
Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY
(imprisoned)
</p>
<p>Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
</p>
<p>Elections:
</p>
<p> President: last held on 10 June 1990 (next to be held NA
April 1995); results - Alberto FUJIMORI 56.53%, Mario VARGAS
Llosa 33.92%, other 9.55%
</p>
<p> Democratic Constituent Congress: last held 25 November 1992
(next to be held NA); seats - (80 total) New Majority/Change 90
44, Popular Christian Party 8, Independent Moralization Front 7,
Renewal 6, Movement of the Democratic Left 4, Democratic
Coordinator 4, others 7; several major parties (American Popular
Revolutionary Alliance, Popular Action) did not participate
</p>
<p>Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of
Ministers (cabinet)
</p>
<p>Legislative branch: unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress
(CCD)
</p>
<p>Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de
Justicia)
</p>
<p>Leaders:
</p>
<p> Chief of State: President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori
(since 28 July 1990)
</p>
<p> Head of Government: Prime Minister Oscar DE LA PUENTE
Raygada (since 6 April 1992)
</p>
<p>Member of: AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77,
GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES,
LAIA, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG (suspended), UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
</p>
<list>
<l>Diplomatic representation in US:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo LUNA</l>
<l> chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20036</l>
<l> telephone: (202) 833-9860 through 9869)</l>
<l> consulates general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami,
New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, and San Juan
(Puerto Rico)</l>
</list>
<list>
<l>US diplomatic representation:</l>
<l> chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Charles H.
BRAYSHAW</l>
<l> embassy: corner of Avenida Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and
Avenida Espana, Lima</l>
<l> mailing address: P. O. Box 1991, Lima 1, or APO AA
34031</l>
<l> telephone: [51] (14) 33-8000</l>
<l> FAX: [51] (14) 31-6682</l>
</list>
<p>Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white,
and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree
(the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out
gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
</p></body></article></text>